Signs and symptoms of neurodermatitis include:

• An itchy skin patch or patches
• Leathery or scaly texture on the affected areas
• A raised, rough patch or patches that are red or darker than the rest of your skin

The condition involves areas that can be reached for scratching — the head, neck, wrists, forearms, ankles, vulva, scrotum or anus. The itchiness, which can be intense, may come and go or be nonstop. You may scratch out of habit and while sleeping.

The cause of neurodermatitis is unknown. The persistent rubbing and scratching that characterize the condition may begin with something that simply irritates the skin, such as tight clothing or a bug bite. As you rub or scratch the area, it gets itchier. The more you scratch, the more it itches.

In some cases, neurodermatitis is associated with chronic skin conditions — such as dry skin, eczema or psoriasis. Stress and anxiety can trigger itching too.

Certain factors may affect your risk of neurodermatitis, including:

• Your sex and age. Women are more likely to develop neurodermatitis than are men. The condition is most common between ages 30 and 50.
• Other skin conditions. People with a personal or family history of dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis or similar skin conditions are more likely to develop neurodermatitis.
• Anxiety disorders. Anxiety and stress can trigger the itch of neurodermatitis.

Persistent scratching can lead to a wound, a bacterial skin infection, or permanent scars and changes in skin color. The itch of neurodermatitis can affect your sleep, sexual function and quality of life.